Canada
In most Canadian provinces, there is a government monopoly In economics, a government monopoly is a form of coercive monopoly in which a government agency is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law. It is a monopoly created by the government. It is usually distinguished from a government-granted monopoly, where the government grants a monopoly to a private on the sale of alcohol, for example the Liquor Control Board of Ontario The Liquor Control Board of Ontario is a provincial Crown corporation in Ontario, Canada established in 1927 by Lieutenant Governor William Donald Ross, on the advice of his Premier, Howard Ferguson, to sell liquor, wine, and beer through a chain of retail stores. Such sales had been banned outright in 1916; thus, the creation of the LCBO marked, or Liquor Distribution Branch The Liquor Distribution Branch is one of the two governmental bodies responsible for regulating and monitoring the liquor industry in the Canadian province of British Columbia within the Ministry of Housing and Social Development, under Minister Rich Coleman. The other is the Liquor Control and Licensing Branch (LCLB) of British Columbia. The idea of government control and supervision of the sale of alcohol was a compromise devised in the 1920s between "drys" and "wets" to end Prohibition in Canada Prohibition in Canada refers to a movement and a succession of actions at the local, county and provincial levels for the prohibition of alcohol, beginning in the late nineteenth century and continuing well into the twentieth century. The temperance movement reached its height in Canada in the 1920s, when outside imports were cut off by provincial. Some provinces have moved away from government control: in Alberta privately-owned liquor stores exist, while in Quebec a limited number of wines and liquors can be purchased at dépanneurs A dépanneur is a convenience store, usually part of a chain, or an independently-run corner shop, general store or deli, in the province of Quebec and Ontario, in Canada. The term is also used in French by Franco-Ontarians. In France, a dépanneur is a repairer of breakdowns, often in cars but also of electrical and other equipment and grocery stores.
At the same time Canada has some of the highest excise taxes An excise or excise tax is a type of tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to customs duties, charged on goods from outside the country). It is a tax on the production or sale of a good on alcohol in the world, referred to as a "sin tax Sin tax is a dysphemism for a sumptuary tax: a tax specifically levied on certain generally socially-proscribed goods - usually alcohol and tobacco", this is a source of income for governments and is also meant to discourage over-consumption. (see Taxation in Canada The level of Taxation in Canada is average among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Approximately 70% of the Canadian government's income comes from taxation, the rest from tariffs, fees, and investments.[citation needed]).
Other restrictions on the sale of alcohol vary from province to province. In Alberta, changes introduced in 2008 included a ban on "happy hour "Happy hour" is a marketing term for a period of time in which a restaurant or bar offers discounts on alcoholic drinks, such as beer, wine and cocktails", minimum prices, and a limit on the number of drinks a person can purchase at one time after 1pm in bars and pubs.[42]
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